Kailash Sweets Non Woven Mini Parcel Bag W 9” x H 6” x G 6”

1. Material Composition:
   • Non-Woven Fabric: Non-woven fabrics are typically made from recycled materials and require less energy and resources to produce compared to traditional woven fabrics. They can be made from polypropylene, which is recyclable and can be reused multiple times before recycling .
2. Production Process:
   • Energy Efficiency: The production of non-woven fabrics involves processes such as spinning, bonding, and fusing, which are generally less energy-intensive than weaving or knitting. This reduces the overall environmental impact during manufacturing .
   • Minimal Waste: The production process for non-woven fabrics generates minimal waste compared to other textile production methods, as the materials can be cut and bonded in precise shapes and sizes, reducing off-cuts and waste .
3. Durability and Reusability:
   • Long Lifespan: Non-woven bags are durable and can withstand multiple uses, reducing the need for single-use bags and contributing to less waste generation over time .
   • Reusable: The ability to reuse these bags multiple times significantly cuts down on the demand for new bags and the resources required to produce them .
4. End-of-Life Disposal:
   • Recyclability: Non-woven polypropylene bags can be recycled, and many recycling programs accept them. This promotes a circular economy where materials are continuously reused and recycled, minimizing landfill waste .

Low Carbon Footprint of Eco Sweets Non Woven Mini Parcel Bag

1. Material Efficiency:
   • Lower Energy Consumption: The production of non-woven polypropylene fabric consumes less energy compared to traditional woven fabrics. This reduced energy demand translates to a lower carbon footprint during the manufacturing process .
   • Lightweight Nature: Non-woven fabrics are lightweight, which reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation and distribution. Lighter materials require less fuel to transport, leading to lower emissions .
2. Reduced Production Emissions:
   • Efficient Manufacturing: The manufacturing process for non-woven fabrics involves fewer steps and lower temperatures than those required for woven fabrics, resulting in fewer greenhouse gas emissions .
3. Longevity and Reduced Replacement Frequency:
   • Extended Use: As mentioned earlier, the durability and reusability of non-woven bags mean they do not need to be replaced as often as single-use bags. This extended lifespan reduces the overall demand for new bags, thus reducing the carbon footprint associated with production and disposal .
4. Recyclability and Circular Economy:
   • End-of-Life Recycling: When these bags reach the end of their useful life, they can be recycled, further minimizing their environmental impact. Recycling non-woven polypropylene requires less energy compared to producing new materials from scratch, contributing to a lower carbon footprint .

1. Raw Material Extraction and Production

a. Material Type:

• Non-woven Fabric: Non-woven bags are typically made from polypropylene (PP) or other polymers. The production of polypropylene involves polymerization, which is energy-intensive and emits greenhouse gases.

b. Calculation:

• Estimate Material Input: Determine the amount of polypropylene used in the bag. For example, if a bag weighs 50 grams and is made entirely of polypropylene, you’ll need to know the carbon footprint of producing 1 kg of polypropylene.
• Typical Carbon Footprint: The carbon footprint of polypropylene production is approximately 1.8 kg CO2e per kg of polypropylene (source: PlasticsEurope, 2020).

2. Manufacturing

a. Energy Use:

• Production Process: Consider the energy used in manufacturing the bags, including fabric processing, cutting, and stitching. This involves electricity and potentially other energy sources.

b. Calculation:

• Estimate Energy Use: Find the energy consumption for manufacturing processes and convert this to CO2 emissions. For example, if manufacturing the bag uses 0.1 kWh of electricity and the emission factor is 0.233 kg CO2 per kWh (source: EPA, 2021), the calculation would be: $$\text{CO2 emissions}=\text{Energy Use}\times \text{Emission Factor}$$ $$\text{CO2 emissions}=0.1\text{kWh}\times 0.233\text{kg CO2/kWh}=0.0233\text{kg CO2}$$

3. Transportation

a. Transport Distance:

• Distribution: Calculate the emissions from transporting the bags from the factory to the point of sale. This depends on the distance and mode of transport (e.g., truck, ship).

b. Calculation:

• Estimate Distance and Mode: Suppose the bags are transported 500 km by truck, with an average emission factor of 0.12 kg CO2 per ton-km (source: DEFRA, 2022). For a truck carrying 1 ton of goods: $$\text{CO2 emissions}=\text{Distance}\times \text{Emission Factor}\times \text{Weight of Bags}$$ $$\text{CO2 emissions}=500\text{km}\times 0.12\text{kg CO2/ton-km}\times 0.05\text{ton}=0.3\text{kg CO2}$$

4. Usage

a. Lifespan:

• Durability: Estimate the number of uses the bag will have. Non-woven bags are usually durable and can replace single-use plastic bags.

b. Calculation:

• Estimate Use and CO2 Savings: If the bag can be used 100 times, and a single-use plastic bag has a carbon footprint of 0.01 kg CO2 per use (source: Environmental Protection Agency, 2022), then using a non-woven bag instead of 100 plastic bags would save: $$\text{CO2 savings}=100\times 0.01\text{kg CO2}=1\text{kg CO2}$$

5. Disposal

a. End-of-Life:

• Waste Management: Consider the carbon footprint of disposing of the bag, including recycling or landfilling. Non-woven bags are often recyclable.

b. Calculation:

• Estimate Disposal Impact: The carbon footprint for recycling polypropylene is about 0.2 kg CO2 per kg of material (source: PlasticsEurope, 2020). For a 50-gram bag: $$\text{CO2 emissions}=\text{Weight of Bag}\times \text{Recycling Emission Factor}$$ $$\text{CO2 emissions}=0.05\text{kg}\times 0.2\text{kg CO2/kg}=0.01\text{kg CO2}$$

Total Carbon Footprint Calculation

Adding up the emissions from each stage:

1. Raw Material Production: 0.09 kg CO2 (50 grams of polypropylene at 1.8 kg CO2 per kg)
2. Manufacturing: 0.0233 kg CO2
3. Transportation: 0.3 kg CO2
4. Usage Savings: -1 kg CO2 (savings from replacing plastic bags)
5. Disposal: 0.01 kg CO2

Total Carbon Footprint:

$$\text{Total CO2}=0.09+0.0233+0.3-1+0.01=-0.5767\text{kg CO2}$$

References

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7. "Recycling Programs for Non-Woven Fabrics." Waste Recycling and Management Journal.
8. "Comparative Energy Consumption in Textile Manufacturing." Energy and Environmental Science.
9. "Impact of Material Weight on Transportation Emissions." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment.
10. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Non-Woven Fabric Production." Journal of Cleaner Production.
11. "Life Cycle Analysis of Reusable Bags." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.
12. "Energy Requirements for Recycling Non-Woven Polypropylene." Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal.