Scientific sustainability report — Amla Hair Oil (100 mL)

Product: 100 mL Amla hair oil, retail-ready (amber glass bottle + cap + label).
Scope: cradle-to-regional-warehouse (raw materials, manufacture energy, packaging, road freight). Small, conservative screening-level LCA.

Key result (single KPI)

Estimated greenhouse-gas footprint ≈ 0.45 kg CO₂e per 100 mL bottle (≈ 4.5 kg CO₂e / L).
(See short calculation below.)

Main assumptions (explicit)

• Amla oil mass (100 mL) ≈ 092 kg (oil density ≈ 0.92 g/mL).
• Upstream (cradle-to-gate) emission for refined vegetable oil ≈ 81 kg CO₂e / kg (median from literature).
• Bottle: amber glass 100 g (0.10 kg); glass production ≈ 6 kg CO₂e / kg glass (representative average from LCA studies).
• Manufacturing energy (mix of mixing, heating, filling, labeling): 05 kWh per bottle.
• Indian grid average emission factor used: ~0.727 kg CO₂e / kWh. Transport: 200 km by truck; freight factor ≈ 069 kg CO₂e / tonne-km.

Short, reproducible calculation

1. Raw oil (ingredients):
   092 kg × 3.81 kg CO₂e/kg = 0.3505 kg CO₂e
2. Glass bottle (packaging):
   100 kg × 0.60 kg CO₂e/kg = 0.0600 kg CO₂e
3. Manufacturing electricity:
   05 kWh × 0.727 kg CO₂e/kWh = 0.0364 kg CO₂e
4. Transport (200 km truck):
   200 km × (0.202 kg product ÷ 1000) tonne × 0.069 kg CO₂e/tonne-km = ~0.0028 kg CO₂e
5. Total (cradle → warehouse):
   3505 + 0.0600 + 0.0364 + 0.0028 = 0.4497 kg CO₂e ≈ 0.45 kg CO₂e / 100 mL

(You can scale linearly: multiply by number of bottles or by volume.)

Quick interpretation

• Raw oil (feedstock) is the largest contributor (~78% of total) under these assumptions.
• Glass packaging and electricity are smaller-but-meaningful contributors. Road freight is negligible for local distribution.

High-impact, low-effort improvements (short list)

1. Source lower-impact oil (supplier with regenerative/agroecological practice or locally grown amla concentrate) — can cut the dominant ingredient footprint.
2. Use recycled glass (cullet) or lighter packaging (amber PET or aluminium with high recycled content) — lowers packaging emissions substantially.
3. Reduce energy per bottle (optimize heating/filling) or use renewable electricity — reduces manufacturing term.
4. Shorten logistics / consolidate shipments to reduce transport impacts if distribution is long-haul.